{"id":2954,"date":"2023-09-07T00:34:41","date_gmt":"2023-09-06T17:34:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/?p=2954"},"modified":"2023-09-07T00:34:42","modified_gmt":"2023-09-06T17:34:42","slug":"not-nhac-hinh-tuong-kham-pha-giong-va-thanh-am","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/2023\/09\/07\/not-nhac-hinh-tuong-kham-pha-giong-va-thanh-am\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \/ Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 gi\u1ecdng v\u00e0 thanh \u00e2m"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

HAI C\u00d4NG C\u1ee4 V\u00c0 HO\u1ea0T \u0110\u1ed8NG D\u1ea0Y-H\u1eccC<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea6N \u00c1P D\u1ee4NG V\u00c0O GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C \u00c2M NH\u1ea0C \u1ede VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ths. H\u1ed3 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m Gia Lai<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827) \u2013 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u00ea th\u1ed1ng 7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c cho tr\u1ebb em, bao g\u1ed3m: (1) \u00c2m thanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u; (2) Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c qua nghe v\u00e0 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c thay v\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c; (3) H\u1ecdc ri\u00eang ti\u1ebft t\u1ea5u, giai \u0111i\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p; (4) Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c theo t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc; (5) Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft; (6) Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp \u00e2m thanh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c; v\u00e0 (7) H\u1ecdc h\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u00fd \u00e2m (Abeles, 1995). Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay. Ch\u00fang c\u00f2n l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y-h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Kod\u00e1ly, Carl-Orff, Dalcroze, v\u00e0 Suzuki. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u00f4t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh, ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qua tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, t\u00f4i xin ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 N\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Iconic Notation) v\u00e0 Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 gi\u1ecdng <\/em>v\u00e0 thanh \u00e2m (Vocal and Voice Exploration).<\/em> Hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c cho tr\u1ebb em t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 1. N\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Iconic Notation)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Iconic \u2013 trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 tranh \u1ea3nh. V\u1eady Iconic Notation l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh; th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c con v\u1eadt, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, hay s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Iconic Notation th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Kod\u00e1ly cho tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eadc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede Hoa K\u1ef3, l\u1edbp M\u1eabu Gi\u00e1o (tr\u1ebb 5 tu\u1ed5i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o b\u1eadc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc (Primary School) c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n. Tr\u1ebb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb l\u1edbp n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng Iconic Notation \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho tr\u1ebb. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh (Connecting Sound and Symbol) (Pearson Education, 2011). Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m, tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung, d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb, v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u201ch\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a\u201d thay v\u00ec tr\u1ebb h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c theo c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u1ee7i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb qua nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u00fa chim, con \u1ebfch; hay qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ed1i, qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o, c\u1ee5c t\u1ea9y v.v. C\u00e1c n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i h\u00e1t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: B\u00e0i h\u00e1t \u201cC\u00e2y T\u00e1o\u201d (Apple Tree). M\u1ed7i n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o. N\u1ed1t m\u00f3c \u0111\u01a1n th\u00ec vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng n\u1eeda qu\u1ea3, c\u00f2n n\u1ed1t \u0111en th\u00ec vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3. Qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb 1 l\u00e0 n\u1ed1t Mi, tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng k\u1ebb 2 l\u00e0 n\u1ed1t Sol, c\u00f2n \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng 2 l\u00e0 n\u1ed1t La.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: C\u00e2y t\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u00e2y t\u00e1o. Qu\u1ea3 c\u00e2y t\u00e1o c\u00f3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o em? Em kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3c, kh\u00f4ng nh\u0103n nh\u00f3. N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o l\u00e0m em t\u00e9 ng\u00e3).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng N\u1ed1t Nh\u1ea1c H\u00ecnh T\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. B\u1edfi m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sao cho th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u1ea7n g\u1ee7i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thu h\u00fat tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi b\u00e0o h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (iconic chart). Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u00e1t d\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u1ed1t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t-c\u00e1c b\u00e0i x\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e2m nh\u1ecf, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho tr\u1ebb trong ti\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi\u1ebft n\u1ed1t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y trong su\u1ed1t gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0m quen v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. Khi tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi b\u00e0i h\u00e1t, v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u1ed9, ti\u1ebft t\u1ea5u, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed1t chu\u1ea9n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp. B\u1edfi theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Kod\u00e1ly, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qua ba b\u01b0\u1edbc: chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb (preparation), gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u (presentation),v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp (practice) (Loong, n.d.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea1c \u1edf d\u1ea1ng Iconic Notation, c\u1ea7n b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3a, nh\u1ecbp, s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng, v.v. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em. Khi t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i bang Hawaii, nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. D\u00f2ng nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebd th\u1eadt to. N\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh con \u1ed1c, qu\u1ea3 chanh, v.v, r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng mi\u1ebfng d\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00ednh v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng nh\u1ea1c. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf: \u201cMake it simple, but impressive\u201d (Th\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng). B\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00f3i, \u201cLet think you are a child when doing the visual teaching aids\u201d (H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb khi l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y). Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u1ea5y khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c cho tr\u1ebb em, t\u1eeb b\u00e0i h\u00e1t, b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng dao, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c em; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a  ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0o tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Power Point trong Microsoft Office \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, hi\u1ec7n nay Smart Notebook \u2013 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m vi t\u00ednh c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta vi\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c Slides tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu \u2013 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u00f4i xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00fd th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o kh\u00e1c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00ean Smart Notebook, xin tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00fd th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n h\u00ecnh: T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a GS-TS Chet Yeng, Loong \u2013 t\u1ea1i Kod\u00e1ly Level I Workshop, t\u1ea1i \u0110H Hawaii at Manoa, H\u00e8 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i x\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e2m tr\u00ean tr\u00edch t\u1eeb b\u00e0i h\u00e1t \u201cHot Cross Burn\u201d (B\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3ng) \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i x\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e2m d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 2 c\u1ea5p Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc. \u1ede ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh n\u00f3ng. Trong b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc x\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e2m ba n\u1ed1t Mi- Re- Do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Moveable DO \u2013 DO chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi La-Sol-Fa trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Fixed DO \u2013 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng DO C\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Sau khi l\u00e0m quen x\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e2m c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u00e1c em s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c vi\u1ebft ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh tr\u00ean khu\u00f4ng nh\u1ea1c. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e0n Xylophone \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c em x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ba \u00e2m li\u1ec1n nhau tr\u00ean thang \u00e2m. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 tim th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u nhau \u2013 b\u1edfi c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0  c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1ch v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c l\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i tim ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 heart-beat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 gi\u1ecdng v\u00e0 thanh \u00e2m (Vocal and Sound Exploration)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t \u00e2m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chung quanh b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. B\u1edfi th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e2m thanh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n (Pearson Education, 2011). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ebd h\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 sau. Vocal Exploration th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng warm up<\/em> – l\u00e0m \u1ea5m l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ecdng, luy\u1ec7n thanh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho tr\u1ebb. Tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1t \u00e2m, v\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tinh th\u1ea7n tham gia h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng thanh \u0111\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho tr\u1ebb t\u1eeb 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 9 tu\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u1edf m\u1ea7m non v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 cho tr\u1ebb \u1edf tu\u1ed5i thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean. Tr\u1ebb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 9 tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n thanh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (Pearson Education, 2011).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc Vocal Exploration \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho tr\u1ebb nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00fap c\u00e1c em bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t \u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec th\u1ea7m, la \u00f3 \u2013g\u1ecdi, v\u00e0 h\u00e1t. \u1ede d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt, con v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eadp m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau (vd: nh\u01b0 m\u00e8o k\u00eau meo moe, ch\u00f3 k\u00eau g\u00e2u g\u00e2u, v\u1ecbt k\u00eau c\u1ea1p c\u1ea1p, ti\u1ebfng em b\u00e9 kh\u00f3c, ti\u1ebfng chi\u1ebfc chu\u00f4ng k\u00eau. \u1ede d\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 cho tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u00e2m thanh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh quy \u01b0\u1edbc chung r\u1ed3i cho tr\u1ebb luy\u1ec7n. Khi tr\u1ebb quen c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng. \u1ede m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft ti\u1ebft t\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ebb t\u1eadp ph\u00e1t \u00e2m theo nh\u1ecbp ph\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cho tr\u1ebb, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c em t\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1edf m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecdc trong nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu ti\u1ebft t\u1ea5u m\u1edbi (Pearson Education, 2011).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 2 c\u1ee7a Vocal Exploration l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, cao th\u1ea5p, thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee9ng. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y cho tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u00e2m thanh nh\u01b0, \u201cuh\u201d, \u201coa\u201d, v.v, r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m m\u1eabu cho c\u00e1c em. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u00f9ng tay v\u1ebd trong kh\u00f4ng gian theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f2 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m theo. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa \u00e2m thanh cao v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh tr\u1ea7m, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a tempo, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh b\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Vocal Exploration. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 cho tr\u1ebb luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1eadp cho tr\u1ebb t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean n\u00ean cho h\u1ecdc sinh thay phi\u00ean nhau \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n trong l\u1edbp ph\u00e1t \u00e2m theo. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd, trong m\u1ed7i ti\u1ebft h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 b\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh tr\u00ean khi xoay 180o<\/sup> s\u1ebd cho ta c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh m\u1edbi sau: \u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eeba ch\u01a1i v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc. Tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y tr\u1ebb s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00ean \u00e2m thanh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh mang t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1c. Qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3ng cho gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp 4 b\u1eadc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y tr\u1ebb r\u1ea5t th\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u00e1c em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn thay gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u01b0c hi\u1ec7n. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd v\u00e0 t\u00f4 m\u00e0u nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng g\u00e0o l\u00ean, hay \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng khi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m. V\u00ec v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho h\u1ecdc sinh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em tu\u00e2n theo; v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eeba gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ti\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c Vocal Exploration th\u1ee9 3 l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u00e2m cho h\u1ecdc sinh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3i, x\u01b0\u1edbng, hay h\u00e1t khi nghe k\u1ec3. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7u th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f4 m\u00e0u sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng sao cho g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb. \u1ede m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t hay v\u00e0i m\u1eabu \u00e2m thanh kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh g\u1ed3m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, cao \u0111\u1ed9, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e2m s\u1eafc, hay t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m. T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0i tr\u0103m m\u1eabu chuy\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng cho Vocal Exploration \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ch hay si\u00eau th\u1ecb. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1eebng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd l\u00ean l\u1edbp. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 gi\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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M\u1ed9t b\u1ea7y tr\u1ebb r\u1ee7 nhau \u0111i v\u00e0o r\u1eebng ch\u01a1i, ch\u00fang ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0u l\u1eeda l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn khu r\u1eebng. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u1ea7y tr\u1ebb \u0111i d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0u. B\u1ed5ng ch\u00fang nghe ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i t\u00e0u t\u1eeb xa, \u201cHu,hu,hu\u2026\u201d (tr\u1ebb b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn c\u00f2i t\u00e0u h\u00fa v\u1edbi \u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf). Ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i t\u00e0u c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n c\u00e0ng to h\u01a1n, \u201cHu, hu, hu,…\u201d(tr\u1ebb m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 to h\u01a1n). T\u00e0u \u0111ang ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n, ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i h\u00fa c\u00e0ng to, \u201cHU, HU, HU\u2026\u201d; ti\u1ebfng b\u00e1nh xe ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, \u201cR\u1ee5t-t\u1edd-r\u00e9t, r\u1ee5t-t\u1edd-r\u00e9t,\u2026.\u201d C\u0169ng c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng to (Tr\u1ebb m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfng b\u00e1nh xe). C\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m s\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0u, ch\u1ea1y sang hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0u n\u00fap d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn. Chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n, g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea1y ngang m\u1eb7t ch\u00fang, ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng b\u00e1nh xe c\u00e0ng to (c\u0169ng \u00e2m thanh nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng cho tr\u1ebb b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 to h\u01a1n). Chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u \u0111i xa d\u1ea7n, \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f2i t\u00e0u v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng b\u00e1nh xe nh\u1ecf d\u1ea7n (tr\u1ebb h\u1ea1 gi\u1ecdng l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i t\u00e0u v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe). C\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb h\u00fa h\u1ed3n v\u00ec nh\u1eadn ra n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nhanh th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng; n\u00ea ch\u00fang quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0u n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o r\u1eebng n\u1eefa.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean tr\u1ebb h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tempo kh\u00e1c nhau khi m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i t\u00e0u v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng b\u00e1nh xe, t\u1eeb xa-\u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n-r\u1ed3i \u0111i xa d\u1ea7n. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng, t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e0u l\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hay d\u00f9ng t\u00e0u l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed g\u00e2y c\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat tr\u1ebb. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u1eabu c\u00e1c \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng c\u00f2i t\u00e0u v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng b\u00e1nh xe sao cho \u201cth\u1eadt\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qua th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c cho tr\u1ebb em trong su\u1ed1t 3 n\u0103m t\u1ea1i Hawaii, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 gi\u1ecdng v\u00e0 thanh \u00e2m c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb em th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thu h\u00fat r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i. B\u1edfi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m l\u00fd l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c em \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3. Trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c nghe k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n vui t\u01b0\u01a1i, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, c\u00e1c em c\u00f2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1eabu chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 khi x\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia, h\u00f3a th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea1y-h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c n\u00e0y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c cho tr\u1ebb em Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Vocal Exploration b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec7n d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean \u1edf B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7t mua \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu chuy\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng cho Vocal Exploration t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3. Ngo\u00e0i ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n trong s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu chuy\u1ec7n m\u1edbi v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi 2015, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u201cc\u00e1i m\u1edbi\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 cho ngang t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng.      <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, N\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Iconic Notation) v\u00e0 Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 gi\u1ecdng <\/em>v\u00e0 thanh \u00e2m (Vocal and Voice Exploration),<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o kh\u00e1c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 Kod\u00e1ly, Carl-Orff, Dalcroze, v\u00e0 Suzuki. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c may m\u1eafn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y-h\u1ecdc \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf m\u1eaft v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c cho tr\u1ebb em. T\u00f4i mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c d\u1ea1y-h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00fd th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o hay c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u2013 \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abeles, H. &. (1995). N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c .<\/em> Boston, Hoa K\u1ef3: NXB Schirmer, Cengage Learning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Loong, C. Y. (n.d.). Music in Special Education.<\/em> Retrieved September 8, 2011, from Dr. Chet Yeng Loong, Early Childhood Music Specialist: http:\/\/cyloong.com\/MUS454.html.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pearson Education, I. (2011). Exploring the Voice and Singing More Accurately.<\/em> Retrieved October 23, 2012, from Teacher Vision: http:\/\/www.teachervision.fen.com\/music\/resource\/6069.html.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HAI C\u00d4NG C\u1ee4 V\u00c0 HO\u1ea0T \u0110\u1ed8NG D\u1ea0Y-H\u1eccC C\u1ea6N \u00c1P D\u1ee4NG V\u00c0O GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C \u00c2M NH\u1ea0C \u1ede VI\u1ec6T NAM Ths. H\u1ed3 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u1ea3i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2961,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2954","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bai-viet","category-phuong-phap-day-hoc-am-nhac"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2954","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2954"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2954\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2962,"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2954\/revisions\/2962"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2954"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2954"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}