{"id":2952,"date":"2023-09-07T00:06:02","date_gmt":"2023-09-06T17:06:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/?p=2952"},"modified":"2023-09-07T00:09:37","modified_gmt":"2023-09-06T17:09:37","slug":"ung-dung-thang-bloom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/2023\/09\/07\/ung-dung-thang-bloom\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng thang Bloom"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u1ee8NG D\u1ee4NG THANG BLOOM<\/strong><strong> TRONG <\/strong><strong>X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>CHU\u1ea8N N\u0102NG L\u1ef0C V\u00c0 \u0110\u00c1NH GI\u00c1 K\u1ebeT QU\u1ea2 C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI H\u1eccC<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 H\u1ed3 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m Gia Lai<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u1edf t\u1eebng b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc.Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eebng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 ra. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c \u201cchu\u1ea9n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u201ckim ch\u1ec9 nam\u201d d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y qua vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5, g\u1ee3i \u00fd, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea1y-h\u1ecdc trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo l\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra hay b\u00e0i thi (test based curriculum). L\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o trong ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n hay trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thang b\u1eadc khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean gia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng sao cho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 xin \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tham kh\u1ea3o khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u1edf &nbsp;c\u00e1c b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1eadc h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc khi Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng m\u1edbi sau n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc (student learning outcomes)&nbsp; m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c (Allen. M., 2008). Trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a hay v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, khi c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m: chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chu\u1ea3n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi trang b\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 ra v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cao h\u01a1n, cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, hay vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc v\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng qua ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Thang b\u1eadc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Bloom (Bloom Taxonomy) khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, &nbsp;nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thang b\u1eadc v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Thang N\u0103ng L\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Bloom \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc qua m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. Thang N\u0103ng L\u1ef1c D\u1ef1a V\u00e0o Ph\u1ea1m Tr\u00f9 Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Benjamin Bloom, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1956. Thang n\u00e0y c\u00f3 6 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau: &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong><\/strong> <strong>(Level)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>H\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/strong> <strong>(Cognitive behaviors)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c (Knowledge)<\/td><td>Bi\u1ebft, hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, ho\u1eb7c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2. L\u0129nh h\u1ed9i (Comprehension)<\/td><td>Hi\u1ec3u, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng (Application)<\/td><td>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (Analysis)<\/td><td>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5. T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (Synthesis)<\/td><td>T\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi&#8230;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 (Valuation)<\/td><td>\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, logic, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 Bloom \u0111\u01b0a ra, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Th\u01b0\u1eddng khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn &#8220;kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf sau m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hay d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u00eau b\u1eadt t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 &#8220;hi\u1ec3u&#8221;, &#8220;bi\u1ebft&#8221; v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1eebng b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp theo thang Bloom n\u00eau tr\u00ean (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh d\u1ef1a theo cu\u1ed1n <em>How to write and use instructional objectives<\/em> c\u1ee7a Norman Gronlund, 1991). T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ecdn d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>* <em>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c (Knowledge)<\/em>: Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn (cite), \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a (define), m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 (describe), x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh (identify), ch\u1ec9 ra (indicate), li\u1ec7t k\u00ea (list), l\u00e0m cho h\u1ee3p (match), ghi nh\u1edb (memorize), g\u1ecdi t\u00ean (name), ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o (outline), nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i (recall), nh\u1eadn ra (recognize), ghi l\u1ea1i (record), li\u00ean h\u1ec7 (relate), l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (repeat), t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (reproduce), ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a (select), g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi (underline)&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>* <em>L\u0129nh h\u1ed9i (Comprehension): <\/em>s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp (arrange), ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (classify), bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i (convert), m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 (describe), b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn (defend), b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn (discuss), ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (distinguish), \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (estimate), gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch (explain), extend (m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng), t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a (generalize), cho v\u00ed d\u1ee5 (give examples), suy lu\u1eadn (infer), x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed (locate), ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o (outline), d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n (predict), t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt (report), l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i (restate), xem l\u1ea1i (review), \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb (suggest), t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i (summarize), d\u1ecbch (translate)&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>* <em>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng (Application): <\/em>\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (apply), thay \u0111\u1ed5i (change), t\u00ednh to\u00e1n (compute), v\u1ebb-d\u1ef1ng (construct), ch\u1ee9ng minh (demonstrate), kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 (discover), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (employ), minh h\u1ecda (illustrate), gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf (interprete), \u0111i\u1ec1u tra (investigate), thao t\u00e1c (manipulate), s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i (modify), thao t\u00e1c (operate), t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (organize), th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh (practice), d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n (predict), chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb (prepare), ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o (produce), l\u00ean th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3u (schedule), ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda (sketch), gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft (solve), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (use)&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>* <em>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (Analysis): <\/em>ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (analyze), chia ra (break down), t\u00ednh to\u00e1n (calculate), ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (categorize), so s\u00e1nh (compare), \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu (contrast), ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh (criticize), tranh lu\u1eadn (debate), x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh (determine), ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (differentiate), ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (distinguish), xem x\u00e9t (examine), th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (experiment), x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh (identify), minh h\u1ecda (illustrate), xem x\u00e9t (inspect), ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o (outline), \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi (question), li\u00ean h\u1ec7 (relate), ch\u1ecdn (select), th\u1eed (test)&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>* <em>T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (Synthesis): <\/em>s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp (arrange), thu th\u1eadp (assemble), ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i (categorize), s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m (collect), k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (combine), bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n (compile), s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c (compose), x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (construct), t\u1ea1o n\u00ean (create), thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (design), gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch (explain), l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c (formulate), t\u1ea1o ra (generate), t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch (manage), s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i (modify), t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c (organize), bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n (perform), l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch (plan), \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t (propose), s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i (rearrange), relate (li\u00ean h\u1ec7), t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i (reorganize), x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i (revise)&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>* <em>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 (Evaluation): <\/em>\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 (appraise), \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 (assess), ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a (choose), so s\u00e1nh (compare), k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn (conclude), \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu (contrast), ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh (criticize), quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (decide), ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (discriminate), \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh (estimate), \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 (evaluate), s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp (grade), x\u00e9t th\u1ea5y (judge), bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 (justify), gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch (interpret), \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng (measure), x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng (rate), li\u00ean h\u1ec7 (relate), ghi \u0111i\u1ec3m (score), ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a (select), t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft (summarize), \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 (support)&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nh\u00ecn chung c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a tuy d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed7i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 ra nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh trong m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Anh, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb khi d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (distinguish, discriminate), v.v<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6. C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; M\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ba ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&#8211; b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e1t m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u00e1t thi\u1ebfu nhi di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ni\u1ec1m vui khi t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd c\u1ea3nh sinh ho\u1ea1t \u1edf s\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edd ra ch\u01a1i v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng thang Bloom trong ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc (syllabus).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a theo thang Bloom th\u00ec b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb <em>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, L\u0129nh h\u1ed9i, \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng, Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. <\/em>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebb tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1eadc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 6 v\u1ec1 <em>lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecbp 2\/4 <\/em>m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 <em>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c <\/em>(1) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: <em>Nh\u1ecbp 2\/4 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ph\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u1ea1nh, ph\u00e1ch n\u00e0o nh\u1eb9? <\/em>(\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 <em>L\u0129nh h\u00f4i <\/em>(2) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: <em>S\u1ed1 2 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 4 \u1edf nh\u1ecbp 2\/4 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? <\/em>(Hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 <em>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng <\/em>(3) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: <em>Em h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng thanh ph\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f5 nh\u1ecbp 2\/4 v\u00e0 h\u00e1t b\u00e0i \u201cH\u00e0nh kh\u00fac t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d? <\/em>(\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 <em>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch <\/em>(4)<em>, <\/em>c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: <em>C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e1t \u1edf nh\u1ecbp 2\/4, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a hai b\u00e0i \u201cL\u00ed c\u00e2y b\u00f4ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u00ed ng\u1ef1a \u00f4\u201d kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? <\/em>(Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 (5) <em>T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, <\/em>\u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: <em>em h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh n\u1ed1t tr\u1eafng, n\u1ed1t \u0111en, n\u1ed1t m\u00f3c \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ti\u1ebft t\u1ea5u g\u1ed3m 4 \u00f4 nh\u1ecbp 2\/4 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng thanh ph\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f5 m\u1eabu ti\u1ebft t\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3 cho c\u1ea3 l\u1edbp nghe<\/em> (T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 (6) <em>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ,<\/em>c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: <em>&nbsp;C\u00e2u ca dao \u201cCon c\u00f2, bay l\u1ea3. bay la. Bay t\u1eeb c\u1eeda Ph\u1ee7 bay ra c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc theo nh\u1ecbp 2\/4 kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c em s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 g\u00f5 ph\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? <\/em>(V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o\u2026)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1eeb v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y, khi ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. \u1ede c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 5 v\u00e0 6 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. V\u1eady, ch\u00ednh thang Bloom l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c thang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch logic. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m, nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia nghi\u00eam t\u00fac nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc, m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. Thang N\u0103ng L\u1ef1c D\u1ef1a V\u00e0o Ph\u1ea1m Tr\u00f9 Nh\u1eadn Th\u1ee9c (Mayor Categories of Bloom\u2019s Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain) c\u1ee7a Benjamin Bloom cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pleiku, 21 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[1] Allen. M. (2008). <em>Document of Assessment workshop at UH Manoa.<\/em> Honolulu: University of Hawaii at Manoa Insearch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2] Abeles. H.E. et al. (1995). <em>The Foundation of Music Education <\/em>(N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c). Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c Trung t\u00e2m H\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u Schirmer, Boston, Massachusset \u2013 Hoa K\u1ef3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3] <em>Assessment How to develop program student learning outcomes.<\/em> (2013, August). Download t\u1eeb website: http:\/\/manoa.hawaii.edu\/assessment\/howto\/outcomes.htm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[4] Honig, A. S. (2013). <em>Teachers Where teachers come first.<\/em> Download t\u1eeb webpage How to promote thinking: http:\/\/www.scholastic.com\/teachers\/article\/how-promote-creative-thinking<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[5] Mueller, J. (2012). <em>What is Authentic Assessment.<\/em> Download t\u1eeb webpage Jon Mueller Home Page: <a href=\"http:\/\/jfmueller.faculty.noctrl.edu\/toolbox\/whatisit.htm\">http:\/\/jfmueller.faculty.noctrl.edu\/toolbox\/whatisit.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[6] Norman Gronlund (1991). <em>How to write and use instructional objectives. <\/em>New York, McMillan Publishers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u1ee8NG D\u1ee4NG THANG BLOOM TRONG X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG CHU\u1ea8N N\u0102NG L\u1ef0C V\u00c0 \u0110\u00c1NH GI\u00c1 K\u1ebeT QU\u1ea2 C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI H\u1eccC Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 H\u1ed3 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u1ea3i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2865,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bai-viet","category-phuong-phap-day-hoc-am-nhac"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2952"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2952\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2953,"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2952\/revisions\/2953"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2865"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trochoiamnhac.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}